Skin care creams emollients moisturizers emulsions Abbreviations: Skin diseases (e.g., bacterial/fungal infections), accumulating effects of systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency) or pharmacotherapies (e.g., cancer therapies) also necessitate special skin care. Ageing per se changes the skin structure and function across the life course increasing its susceptibility to numerous clinically relevant skin problems (e.g. Subsequently the skin areas in need of care and protection also change e initially skin areas (e.g., face, arms, legs) exposed to the external environment and later enclosed skin areas (e.g., skin folds, perianal, peri genital skin, groin, feet) become the vulnerable zones (hot spots). In younger years, environmental factors (e.g., UV radiation) are of primary importance whereas in advanced years, age-related factors (e.g., prolonged exposure to various sources of moisture, including urine or feces, perspiration, wound exudate, and their contents) become more important. Even though skin care and skin protection play an important role throughout lifetime the skin areas in primary need of care and protection also change. The character of skin care shifts from more cosmetic objectives e smooth, healthy looking skin e to more therapeutic and preventive objectives e soothing, restoring, reinforcing and protecting stressed skin. The importance of soothing, restoring, reinforcing increases and cleansing should be executed with particular care. With increasing age, the emphasis on skin care is changing. Today, modern skin care includes cleansing, soothing, restoring, reinforcing and protecting. In addition, “without” claims (e.g., without parabens) often accompany nowadays promotions. The promotion of skin care products including their claims are often based on an effect (e.g., moisturizing, antioxidant), evoked by an active (e.g., urea, tocopherol) that is delivered through a vehicle (e.g., lotion) that relies on a specific technology (e.g., nanotechnology). Skin care products are readily available in daily life and they play a major role in health and nursing care. The cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry offers a vast armamentarium of skin care products and procedures to clean, soothe, restore, reinforce, protect and to treat our skin and hence to keep it in “good condition”. Skin colour, tone and evenness, pigmentation, as well as skin surface characteristics are signs of skin’s health. Skin reflects origin, lifestyle, age and state of health.
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